SINCE, FOR, AGO and DURING are often confused or used in the wrong place or with the wrong meaning.
Read these classnotes, then do this exercise.
SINCE means "desde" or "desde que". It is followed by a time expression that refers to a point in time:
since 1998
since five o'clock
since last summer
since April
since last Monday
since the 28th of February
since they got married.
It is often used with the present perfect (or the present perfect continuous),
to refer to something that has (not) happened since a specific moment in time up to the present:
I have worked / I have been working in the bilingual programme since 2008.
I haven't seen him since Christmas. = No le he visto desde las Navidades.
We have worked together since the company was founded. = Hemos trabajado juntos desde que se fundó la empresa.
I haven't had a proper breakfast since I was brought to hospital. = No he tomado un desayuno decente desde que me trajeron al hospital.
N.B. When we refer to something that lasted some time in the past but is no longer happening,
we use FROM... TO... and the past simple, instead of SINCE... (up to the present):
He has worked for the BBC since last May. (He still works for the BBC.)
He worked for the BBC from May to October. (He no longer works for the BBC.)
FOR means "durante". It is followed by a period of time:
for a few days
for three hours
for a week
for two months
for years
for ages
for a long time
In Spanish it is often omitted, but never in English:
I lived in Scotland for a year. = Viví en Escocia (durante) un año.
If we use the present perfect, the period of time extends to the present, and the sentence can be translated into Spanish in different tenses:
I have lived in England for three years. =
= He vivido en Inglaterra (durante) tres años.
= Llevo viviendo en Inglaterra tres años.
= Vivo en Inglaterra desde hace tres años.
AGO means "hace", but it is used AFTER a time expression, usually at the end of a sentence:
two months ago = hace dos meses
a moment ago = hace un momento
years ago = hace años
ages ago = hace siglos, hace un montón de tiempo
a long, long time ago = hace mucho, mucho tiempo
DURING means "durante", but unlike FOR, it is followed by NOUN that refers to a period of time:
I travelled to a lot of places during my stay in Berlin. = Viajé a muchos lugares durante mi estancia en Berlín.
I have done a lot of interesting things during the holidays. = He hecho muchas cosas interesantes durante las vacaciones.
I always visit my grandparents during Christmas. = Siempre visito a mis abuelos durante las Navidades.
I didn't do anything much during the weekend. Did you? = No he hecho gran cosa este fin de semana, ¿y tú?
We can use with a specified period of time that we have mentioned before:
When I had the 'flu I had to stay in bed for three days. During those three days I read two novels.
JJCC